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Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel 304

Table 1. Chemical composition for 304 stainless steel alloys

Properties of Stainless Steel 304

Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 304

Table 2a. Mechanical properties for 304 stainless steel alloys – sheet up to 8 mm thick

Table 2b. Mechanical properties for 304 stainless steel alloys – plate from 8 – 75 mm thick

Table 2c. Mechanical properties for 304 stainless steel alloys – bar and section up to 160 mm diameter / thickness

Physical Properties of Stainless Steel 304

Table 3. Physical properties for 304 stainless steel alloys

Alloy Designations

Stainless steel 304 also corresponds to the following standard designations and specifications:

Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel 304

Stainless steel 304
has excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of environments
and when in contact with different corrosive media. Pitting and crevice
corrosion can occur in environments containing chlorides. Stress
corrosion cracking can occur at temperatures over 60°C.

Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel 304

Stainless steel 304 has
good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in
continuous service to 925°C. However, continuous use at 425-860°C is
not recommended if corrosion resistance in water is required. In this
instance 304L is recommended due to its resistance to carbide
precipitation.

Where high strength is required at temperatures above 500°C and up to
800°C, grade 304H is recommended. This material will retain aqueous
corrosion resistance.

Fabrication of Stainless Steel 304

Fabrication of all stainless steels should
be done only with tools dedicated to stainless steel materials. Tooling
and work surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned before use. These
precautions are necessary to avoid cross contamination of stainless steel by easily corroded metals that may discolour the surface of the fabricated product.

Cold Working of Stainless Steel 304

Stainless steel 304 readily
work hardens. Fabrication methods involving cold working may require an
intermediate annealing stage to alleviate work hardening and avoid
tearing or cracking. At the completion of fabrication a full annealing
operation should be employed to reduce internal stresses and optimise
corrosion resistance.

Hot Working of Stainless Steel 304

Fabrication methods, like forging, that involve hot working should
occur after uniform heating to 1149-1260°C. The fabricated components
should then be rapidly cooled to ensure maximum corrosion resistance.

Heat Treatment of Stainless Steel 304

Stainless steel 304 cannot be hardened by heat treatment.

Solution treatment or annealing can be done by rapid cooling after heating to 1010-1120°C.

Machinability

Stainless steel 304 has good machinability. Machining can be enhanced by using the following rules:

• Cutting edges must be kept sharp. Dull edges cause excess work hardening.

• Cuts should be light but deep enough to prevent work hardening by riding on the surface of the material.

• Chip breakers should be employed to assist in ensuring swarf remains clear of the work

• Low thermal conductivity of austenitic alloys results in heat
  concentrating at the cutting edges. This means coolants and lubricants
  are necessary and must be used in large quantities.

Welding of Stainless Steel 304

Fusion welding performance for Stainless steel 304 is excellent both with and without fillers. Recommended filler rods and electrodes for stainless steel 304 is grade 308 stainless steel.
For 304L the recommended filler is 308L. Heavy welded sections may
require post-weld annealing. This step is not required for 304L. Grade
321 may be used if post-weld heat treatment is not possible.

Applications of Stainless Steel 304

Stainless steel 304 is typically used in:

• Sinks and splashbacks

• Saucepans

• Cutlery and flatware

• Architectural panelling

• Sanitaryware and troughs

• Tubing

• Brewery, dairy, food and pharmaceutical production equipment

• Springs, nuts, bolts and screws